Mobile with Content Sync mobile-with-content-sync

Use Content Sync to package content so that it can be used in native mobile applications. Pages that are authored in AEM can be used as app content, even when the device is offline. Furthermore, because AEM pages are based on web standards, they work cross-platform enabling you to embed them in any native wrapper. This strategy reduces development effort and enables you to easily update app content.

The Content Sync framework creates an archive file that contains the web content. The content can be anything from simple pages, images, and PDF files, or entire Web applications. The Content Sync API provides access to the archive file from mobile apps or build processes so that the content can be retrieved and included in the app.

The following sequence of steps illustrates a typical use case for Content Sync:

Configuring the Content Sync Content configuring-the-content-sync-content

Create a Content Sync configuration to specify the content of the ZIP file that is delivered to the client. You can create any number of Content Sync configurations. Each configuration has a name for identification purposes.

To create a Content Sync configuration, add a cq:ContentSyncConfig node to the repository, with the sling:resourceType property set to contentsync/config. The cq:ContentSyncConfig node can be located anywhere in the repository, however the node must be accessible to users on the AEM publish instance. Therefore, you should add the node below /content.

To specify the content of the Content Sync ZIP file, add child nodes to the cq:ContentSyncConfig node. The following properties of each child node identify a content item to include and how it is processed when adding it:

See Example Content Sync Configuration.

After you create the Content Sync configuration, it appears in the Content Sync console.

Configuring Access to Content Sync Downloads configuring-access-to-content-sync-downloads

Specify a user or group that can download from Content Sync. You can configure the default user or group that can download from all Content Sync caches, and you can override the default and configure access for a specific Content Sync configuration.

When AEM is installed, members of the administrator’s group can download from Content Sync by default.

Setting the Default Access for Content Sync Downloads setting-the-default-access-for-content-sync-downloads

The Day CQ Content Sync Manager service controls access to Content Sync. Configure this service to specify the user or group that can download from Content Sync by default.

If you are configuring the service using the Web Console, type the name of the user or group as the value of the Fallback Cache Authorizable property.

If you are configuring in the repository, use the following information about the service:

Overriding Download Access for a Content Sync Cache overriding-download-access-for-a-content-sync-cache

To configure download access for a specific Content Sync configuration, add the following property to the cq:ContentSyncConfig node:

For example, your app enables users to install updates directly from Content Sync. To enable all users to download the update, you set the value of the authorizable property to everyone.

If the cq:ContentSyncConfig node has no authorizable property, the default user or group that is configured for the Fallback Cache Authorizable property of the Day CQ Content Sync Manager service determines who can download.

Configuring the User for Updating a Content Sync Cache configuring-the-user-for-updating-a-content-sync-cache

When a user performs an update to the Content Sync cache, a specific user account performs the action on behalf of the user. The anonymous user updates all Content Sync caches by default.

You can override the default user and specify a user or group that updates a specific Content Sync cache.

To override the default user, specify a user or group that performs updates for a specific Content Sync configuration by adding the following property to the cq:ContentSyncConfig node:

If the cq:ContentSyncConfig node has no updateuser property, the default anonymous user updates the cache.

Configuration types configuration-types

Processing can range from rendering simple JSON to fully fledged rendering of pages including their referenced assets. This section lists the available configuration types and their specific parameters:

copy Simply copy files and folders.

content - Render content using standard Sling request processing.

clientlib - Package a JavaScript or CSS client library.

assets - Collect original renditions of assets.

image - Collect an image.

The image type is used to include the We.Retail logo in the zip file.

pages - Render AEM pages and collect referenced assets.

rewrite - The rewrite node defines how the links are rewritten in the exported page. The rewritten links can either point to the files included in the zip file or to the resources on the server.

The rewrite node must be located below the page node.

The rewrite node can have one or more of the following properties:

Each property can have one of the following values:

The AEM service called PathRewriterTransformerFactory lets you configure the specific html attributes that will be rewritten. The service can be configured in the Web console and has a configuration for each property of the rewrite node: clientlibs, images, and links.

This feature was added in AEM 5.5.

Example Content Sync Configuration example-content-sync-configuration

The listing below shows an example configuration for Content Sync.

+ weretail_go [cq:ContentSyncConfig]
  - sling:resourceType = "contentsync/config"

  + etc.designs.default [nt:unstructured]
    - path = "/etc/designs/default"
    - type = "copy"

  + etc.designs.mobile [nt:unstructured]
    - path = "/etc/designs/mobile"
    - type = "copy"

  + events.plist [nt:unstructured]
    - path = "/content/weretail_mobile/en/events/jcr:content/par/events"
    - type = "content"
    - extension = "plist"

  + events.touch.html [nt:unstructured]
    - path = "/content/weretail_mobile/en/events"
    - type = "pages"
    - extension = "html"
    - selector = "touch"

  + logo [nt:unstructured]
    - path = "/etc/designs/mobile/jcr:content/mobilecontentpage/logo"
    - type = "logo"

  + manifest [nt:unstructured]
    - indexPage = "/content/weretail_mobile/en/events.touch.html"
    - metadataPlist = "/content/weretail_mobile/en/events/_jcr_content/par/events.plist"

  + ...

etc.designs.default and etc.designs.mobile - The first two entries of the configuration are obvious. Because we are going to include several mobile pages, we need the related design files below /etc/designs. And since there is no extra processing required, copy is sufficient.

events.plist - This entry is a bit special. As mentioned in the introduction, the application should provide a map view with markers of the events’ locations. We are going to provide the necessary location information as a separate file in PLIST format. For this to work, the event list component that is used on the index page, has a script called plist.jsp. This script is executed when the component’s resource is requested with the .plist extension. As usual, the components path is given in the path property and the type is set to content, because we want to use Sling request processing.

events.touch.html - Next comes the actual pages that are shown in the app. The path property is set to the events’ root page. All event pages below that page are also included, because the deep property defaults to true. We use pages as configuration type, so that any images or other files that may be referenced from an image or download component on a page, are included. In addition, setting the touch selector gives us a mobile version of the pages. The configuration in the feature pack contains more entries of this kind, but they are left out for simplicity here.

logo - The logo configuration type has not been mentioned so far and it is none of the build-in types. However, the Content Sync framework is extensible to some degree and this is an example of that, which will be covered in the next section.

manifest - It is often desirable to have some kind of metadata included in the zip file, like the start page of your content for example. However, hardcoding such information prevents you from easily changing it later. The Content Sync framework supports this use case by looking for a manifest node in the configuration, which is identified by name and does not require a configuration type. Every property defined on that particular node is added to a file, which is also called manifest and resides in the root of the zip file.

In the example, the event listing page is supposed to be the initial page. This information is provided in the indexPage property and can thus be easily changed at any time. A second property defines the path of the events.plist file. As we see later, the client application can now read the manifest and act according to it.

When the configuration is set up, the content can be downloaded with a browser or any other HTTP client, or if you are developing for iOS, you can use the dedicated WAppKitSync client library. The download location is made up of the configuration’s path and the .zip extension, for example, when working with a local AEM instance: https://localhost:4502/content/weretail_go.zip

The Content Sync Console the-content-sync-console

The Content Sync console lists all the Content Sync configurations in the repository (all nodes of type cq:ContentSyncConfig) and for each configuration lets you do the following:

It can be useful for development and troubleshooting.

The console can be accessed at:

https://localhost:4502/libs/cq/contentsync/content/console.html

It looks as follows:

Extending the Content Sync framework extending-the-content-sync-framework

Though the number of configuration options is already extensive, it may not cover all the requirements of your specific use case. This section describes the Content Sync framework’s extension points and how to create custom configuration types.

For each configuration type, there is a Content Update Handler, which is an OSGi component factory that is registered for that specific type. These handlers collect content, process it, and add it to a cache that is maintained by the Content Sync framework. Implement the following interface or abstract base class:

Register your class as OSGi component factory and deploy it in the OSGi container in a bundle. This can be done using the Maven SCR plugin either using JavaDoc tags or annotations. The following example shows the JavaDoc version:

/*
 * @scr.component metatype="no"
 * factory="com.day.cq.contentsync.handler.ContentUpdateHandler/customtype"
 */
public class CustomTypeUpdateHandler implements ContentUpdateHandler {
    // add your code here
}

/*
 * @scr.component metatype="no" inherit="true"
 * factory="com.day.cq.contentsync.handler.ContentUpdateHandler/othertype"
 */
public class OtherTypeUpdateHandler extends AbstractSlingResourceUpdateHandler {
    // add your code here
}

Notice that the factory definition contains the common interface and the custom type separated by slash. This strategy enables the Content Sync framework to find and create an instance of your custom class as it recognizes the custom type in a configuration entry. The next section gives a concrete example of a custom update handler.

Implementing a Custom Update Handler implementing-a-custom-update-handler

Every We.Retail Mobile page contains a logo in the upper-left corner that we would like to include in the zip file. However, for cache optimization, AEM does not reference the image file’s real location in the repository, which prevents us from simply using the copy configuration type. What we must do instead is to provide our own logo configuration type that makes the image available at the location requested by AEM. The following code listing shows the full implementation of the logo update handler:

LogoUpdateHandler.java logoupdatehandler-java

package com.day.cq.wcm.apps.weretail.impl;

import javax.jcr.Node;
import javax.jcr.RepositoryException;
import javax.jcr.Session;

import org.apache.sling.api.resource.Resource;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.ResourceResolver;
import org.apache.sling.jcr.resource.JcrResourceResolverFactory;

import com.day.cq.commons.jcr.JcrUtil;
import com.day.cq.contentsync.config.ConfigEntry;
import com.day.cq.contentsync.handler.ContentUpdateHandler;
import com.day.cq.wcm.foundation.Image;
import com.day.text.Text;

/**
 * The <code>LogoUpdateHandler</code> is used to update the content sync cache
 * with a page logo added using a logo component.
 *
 * @scr.component metatype="no"
 * factory="com.day.cq.contentsync.handler.ContentUpdateHandler/logo"
 */
public class LogoUpdateHandler implements ContentUpdateHandler {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogoUpdateHandler.class);

    /** @scr.reference policy="static" */
    protected JcrResourceResolverFactory resolverFactory;

    public boolean updateCacheEntry(ConfigEntry configEntry, Long lastUpdated, String configCacheRoot, Session admin, Session session) {
        ResourceResolver resolver = resolverFactory.getResourceResolver(admin);
        Resource resource = resolver.getResource(configEntry.getContentPath());

        Image img = new Image(resource);
        img.setItemName(Image.NN_FILE, "image");
        img.setItemName(Image.PN_REFERENCE, "imageReference");
        img.setSelector("img");

        try {
            if(img.getLastModified() == null || lastUpdated < img.getLastModified().getTime().getTime()) {
                String src = img.getSrc();
                String parentPath = configCacheRoot + Text.getRelativeParent(src, 1);

                Node parent = JcrUtil.createPath(parentPath, "sling:Folder", admin);
                Node image = resolver.getResource(resource.getPath() + "/image").adaptTo(Node.class);
                JcrUtil.copy(image, parent, Text.getName(src));

                admin.save();

                return true;
            }
        } catch (RepositoryException e) {
            log.error("Unexpected error while updating logo: ", e);
        }

        return false;
    }
}

The LogoUpdateHandler class implements the ContentUpdateHandler interface’s updateCacheEntry(ConfigEntry, Long, String, Session, Session) method, which takes several arguments:

To implement the custom handler, first create an instance of the Image class based on the resource that is given in the configuration entry. This is basically the same procedure as the actual logo component on our pages is doing. It makes sure that the target path of the image is the same as the one referenced from a page.

Next, check if the resource was modified since the last update. Custom implementations should avoid unnecessary updates of the cache and return false if nothing changes. If the resource was modified, copy the image to the expected target location relative to the cache root. Finally, true is returned to indicate to the framework that the cache was updated.

Using the content on the client using-the-content-on-the-client

To use content in a mobile app provided by Content Sync, you must request content by way of an HTTP or HTTPS connection. As a result, retrieved content (packed in a ZIP file) can be extracted and stored locally on the mobile device. Content not only refers to data but also to logic, that is, complete web applications; therefore, enabling the mobile user to execute retrieved web applications and corresponding data even without network connectivity.

Content Sync delivers content in an intelligent fashion: Only data changes since a last successful data synchronization are delivered, therefore reducing time required for data transfer. On first run of an application data, changes are requested since 01 January 1970, while subsequently only data that changed since last successful synchronization is requested. AEM uses a client communication framework for iOS to simplify data communication and transfer so that a minimal amount of native code is required to enable an iOS-based web application.

All transferred data can be extracted into the same directory structure, there are no additional steps (for example, dependency checks) required when extracting data. If there is iOS, all data is stored in a subfolder within the Documents folder of the iOS App.

Typical execution path of an iOS-based AEM Mobile App:

If a connection could not be established, previously downloaded data is displayed.

Getting Ahead getting-ahead

To learn about the roles and responsibilities of an Administrator and Developer, see the resources below: