Track events

To send event data to Adobe Experience Cloud, use the sendEvent command. The sendEvent command is the primary way to send data to the Experience Cloud, and to retrieve personalized content, identities, and audience destinations.

Data sent to Adobe Experience Cloud falls into two categories:

• XDM data
• Non-XDM data

Sending XDM data

XDM data is an object whose content and structure matches a schema you have created within Adobe Experience Platform. Learn more about how to create a schema.

Any XDM data that you would like to be part of your analytics, personalization, audiences, or destinations should be sent using the xdm option.

alloy("sendEvent", {
  "xdm": {
    "commerce": {
      "order": {
        "purchaseID": "a8g784hjq1mnp3",
        "purchaseOrderNumber": "VAU3123",
        "currencyCode": "USD",
        "priceTotal": 999.98
      }
    }
  }
});

Some time may pass between when the sendEvent command is executed and when the data is sent to the server (for example, if the Web SDK library has not fully loaded or consent has not yet been received). If you intend to modify any part of the xdm object after executing the sendEvent command, it is highly recommended that you clone the xdm object before executing the sendEvent command. For example:

var clone = function(value) {
  return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(value));
};

var dataLayer = {
  "commerce": {
    "order": {
      "purchaseID": "a8g784hjq1mnp3",
      "purchaseOrderNumber": "VAU3123",
      "currencyCode": "USD",
      "priceTotal": 999.98
    }
  }
};

alloy("sendEvent", {
  "xdm": clone(dataLayer)
});

// This change will not be reflected in the data sent to the 
// server for the prior sendEvent command.
dataLayer.commerce = null;

In this example, the data layer is cloned by serializing it to JSON, then deserializing it. Next, the cloned result is passed into the sendEvent command. Doing so ensures that the sendEvent command has a snapshot of the data layer as it existed when the sendEvent command was executed so that later modifications to the original data layer object will not be reflected in the data sent to the server. If you are using an event-driven data layer, cloning your data is likely already handled automatically. For example, if you are using the Adobe Client Data Layer, the getState() method provides a computed, cloned snapshot of all prior changes. This is also handled for you automatically if you are using the Adobe Experience Platform Web SDK tag extension.

Sending non-XDM data

Data that does not match an XDM schema should be sent using the data option of the sendEvent command. This feature is supported in versions 2.5.0 and higher of the Web SDK.

This is useful if you need to update an Adobe Target profile or send Target Recommendations attributes. Read more about these Target features.

In the future, you will be able to send your full data layer under the data option and map it to XDM server-side.

How to send Profile and Recommendations attributes to Adobe Target:

alloy("sendEvent", {
  data: {
    __adobe: {
      target: {
        "profile.gender": "female",
        "profile.age": 30,
        "entity.id" : "123",
        "entity.genre" : "Drama"
      }
    }
  }
});

Setting eventType

In XDM ExperienceEvent schemas, there is an optional eventType field. This holds the primary event type for the record. Setting an event type can help you differentiate between the different events you will be sending in. XDM provides several predefined event types that you can use or you always create your own custom event types for your use cases. Refer to the XDM documentation for a list of all the predefined event types.

These event types will be shown in a dropdown if using the tag extension or you can always pass them in without tags. They can be passed in as part of the xdm option.

alloy("sendEvent", {
  "xdm": {
    "eventType": "commerce.purchases",
    "commerce": {
      "order": {
        "purchaseID": "a8g784hjq1mnp3",
        "purchaseOrderNumber": "VAU3123",
        "currencyCode": "USD",
        "priceTotal": 999.98
      }
    }
  }
});

Alternatively, the eventType can be passed into the event command using the type option. Behind the scenes, this is added to the XDM data. Having the type as an option allows you to more easily set the eventType without having to modify the XDM payload.

var myXDMData = { ... };

alloy("sendEvent", {
  "xdm": myXDMData,
  "type": "commerce.purchases"
});

Overriding the dataset ID

In some use cases, you might want to send an event to a dataset other than the one configured in the Configuration UI. For that you need to set the datasetId option on the sendEvent command:

var myXDMData = { ... };

alloy("sendEvent", {
  "xdm": myXDMData,
  "type": "commerce.checkout",
  "datasetId": "YOUR_DATASET_ID"
});

Adding identity information

Custom identity information can also be added to the event. See Retrieving Experience Cloud ID.

Using the sendBeacon API

It can be tricky to send event data just before the web page user has navigated away. If the request takes too long, the browser might cancel the request. Some browsers have implemented a web standard API called sendBeacon to allow data to be more easily collected during this time. When using sendBeacon, the browser makes the web request in the global browsing context. This means the browser makes the beacon request in the background and does not hold up the page navigation. To tell Adobe Experience Platform Web SDK to use sendBeacon, add the option "documentUnloading": true to the event command. Here is an example:

alloy("sendEvent", {
  "documentUnloading": true,
  "xdm": {
    "commerce": {
      "order": {
        "purchaseID": "a8g784hjq1mnp3",
        "purchaseOrderNumber": "VAU3123",
        "currencyCode": "USD",
        "priceTotal": 999.98
      }
    }
  }
});

Browsers have imposed limits to the amount of data that can be sent with sendBeacon at one time. In many browsers, the limit is 64K. If the browser rejects the event because the payload is too large, Adobe Experience Platform Web SDK falls back to using its normal transport method (for example, fetch).

Handling responses from events

If you want to handle a response from an event, you can be notified of a success or failure as follows:

alloy("sendEvent", {
  "renderDecisions": true,
  "xdm": {
    "commerce": {
      "order": {
        "purchaseID": "a8g784hjq1mnp3",
        "purchaseOrderNumber": "VAU3123",
        "currencyCode": "USD",
        "priceTotal": 999.98
      }
    }
  }
}).then(function(result) {
    // Tracking the event succeeded.
  })
  .catch(function(error) {
    // Tracking the event failed.
  });

The result object

The sendEvent command returns a promise that is resolved with a result object. The result object contains the following properties:

propositions: The Personalization offers that the visitor has qualified for. Learn more about propositions.

decisions: This property is deprecated. Please use propositions instead.

destinations: Segments from Adobe Experience Platform that can be shared with external personalization platforms, content management systems, ad servers, and other applications that are running on customer websites. Learn more about destinations.

inferences: Real-time machine learning insights. Learn more about real-time Machine Learning.

Modifying events globally

If you want to add, remove, or modify fields from the event globally, you can configure an onBeforeEventSend callback. This callback is called every time an event is sent. This callback is passed in an event object with an xdm field. Modify content.xdm to change the data that is sent with the event.

alloy("configure", {
  "edgeConfigId": "ebebf826-a01f-4458-8cec-ef61de241c93",
  "orgId": "ADB3LETTERSANDNUMBERS@AdobeOrg",
  "onBeforeEventSend": function(content) {
    // Change existing values
    content.xdm.web.webPageDetails.URL = xdm.web.webPageDetails.URL.toLowerCase();
    // Remove existing values
    delete content.xdm.web.webReferrer.URL;
    // Or add new values
    content.xdm._adb3lettersandnumbers.mycustomkey = "value";
  }
});

xdm fields are set in this order:

1. Values passed in as options to the event command alloy("sendEvent", { xdm: ... });
2. Automatically collected values. (See Automatic Information.)
3. The changes made in the onBeforeEventSend callback.

A few notes on the onBeforeEventSend callback:

• Event XDM can be modified during the callback. After the callback has returned, any modified fields and values of
  the content.xdm and content.data objects are sent with the event.

  onBeforeEventSend: function(content){
    //sets a query parameter in XDM
    const queryString = window.location.search;
    const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(queryString);
    content.xdm.marketing.trackingCode = urlParams.get('cid')
  }
  

• If the callback throws an exception, processing for the event discontinues and the event is not sent.

• If the callback returns the boolean value of false, event processing discontinues,
  without an error, and the event is not sent. This mechanism allows for certain events to be easily ignored by
  examining the event data and returning false if the event should not be sent.

  NOTE

  Care should be taken to avoid returning false on the first event on a page. Returning false on the first event can negatively impact personalization.

   onBeforeEventSend: function(content) {
     // ignores events from bots
     if (MyBotDetector.isABot()) {
       return false;
     }
   }

Any return value other than the boolean false will allow the event to process and send after the callback.

• Events can be filtered by examining the event type (See Event Types.):

    onBeforeEventSend: function(content) {  
      // augments XDM if link click event is to a partner website
      if (
        content.xdm.eventType === "web.webinteraction.linkClicks" &&
        content.xdm.web.webInteraction.URL ===
          "http://example.com/partner-page.html"
      ) {
        content.xdm.partnerWebsiteClick = true;
      }
   }

Potential actionable errors

When sending an event, an error might be thrown if the data being sent is too large (over 32KB for the full request). In this case, you need to reduce the amount of data being sent.