How to use Sharepoint (application)

NOTE: for projects using Adobe’s Sharepoint please continue here.

If you use SharePoint as your content source, AEM uses a registered Microsoft Azure application to access your content. This application has delegated permissions defined that allow the service to access SharePoint on behalf of a user. This user needs to be registered to the project that is using SharePoint.

Alternatively, the services can also authenticate as an application and use application permissions to access the sites. This needs additional setup by a SharePoint site administrator that can grant the permissions for the application.

The preferred setup is to use application permissions, as this narrows down the access the service has to a specific SharePoint site and does not require to share any secrets of a technical user. Also, it reduces the problems around password rotation.

The following describes how to set up application permissions for your project. If you want to set up a technical user, please continue here.

Setting up SharePoint involves the following steps:

1. Create or identify a Sharepoint site

Talk to your IT department to either identify or create a Sharepoint site that will be used for document based authoring. One site can “host” multiple websites (projects). This site will later receive the respective permissions so that the publishing services can access it.

2. Create the website root folder

Navigate to your desired location in the SharePoint site created or identified above and create a root folder that will be your website root. It is best to not use a SharePoint list root directly, so that you have a shared space for your authors to put collateral documents, for example a drafts folder, or how-to-author documentations.

An example file structure might look like this, using the website folder as the root:

3. Configure the fstab.yaml

The next step is to configure the mountpoint in the fstab.yaml to point to the website root. It usually has the form of

https://<tenant>.SharePoint.com/sites/<sp-site>/Shared%20Documents/website

But this might vary depending on how you create the SharePoint site and lists. In order to obtain the url, the simplest way is to copy-past the first part from the browser address, eg:

And then add the rest manually (Note, that copying the sharelink via the UI adds unnecessary information and it is better to use a canonical representation of the url). Once you composed the url, you can test it by entering it again in the browser. You should end up in the folder view of your website root.

After that, update the fstab.yaml accordingly.

For example:

mountpoints:
  /: https://adobeenterprisesupportaem.SharePoint.com/sites/hlx-test-project/Shared%20Documents/website

To finalize the configuration, commit the fstab.yaml back to the main branch.

4. Access the Registration Portal

Overview

In order for the AEM service to access the authored content it needs a couple of information and setup. The AEM service (a cloud function) accesses the MS Graph API on behalf of an application (or configured user). In order to do so, it needs to authenticate first in the context of an Application. This is important because the scopes given to the application define what permission the service has on the MS Graph API. For example, it should be allowed to read and write documents, but not to alter access control.

An application is represented as an “Enterprise Application” in the respective Active Directory of a tenant. The permissions given to that enterprise application ultimately define what the service can access in that tenant’s resources. Certain permissions need to be approved by an Active Directory administrator before a user can use the application. This so-called “admin consent” is a mechanism to verify and control which permissions apps can have. This is to prevent dubious apps from tricking users into trusting an app that is not official. Having the extra admin consent step allows IT security to control which apps the employees can use.

1. Sign-in in the Registration Portal

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View Enterprise Applications in Azure Portal

Assuming that so far no Franklin Enterprise Applications are present in Azure (Microsoft Entra Id)

Access Franklin Registration Portal

Go to https://admin.hlx.page/register, enter the github url of the project

Sign-in as non admin user

Sign in as a user that does not have admin permissions will show an error that it needs approval, i.e. the application needs admin consent.

Problem: Enterprise Application is not registered if a user never logs in.

Sign-in as admin user

One solution is to sign in as a user that does have admin permissions:

(note, at this point the Enterprise Application is still not registered in azure)

Franklin Registration Service visible in UI

If the admin logs in (without checking the checkbox and granting consent for everyone), the Enterprise application is present.

Create application using MSGraph or Powershell

Alternatively, you can create the Enterprise application via MSGraph or Powershell.

In order to make it visible in the azure UI you also need to add the WindowsAzureActiveDirectoryIntegratedApp tag. This can be done directly when creating the application.

Using graph explorer:

POST https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/servicePrincipals
Content-type: application/json
{
    "appId": "e34c45c4-0919-43e1-9436-448ad8e81552",
    "tags": [
        "WindowsAzureActiveDirectoryIntegratedApp"
    ]
}

Using powershell:

PS> connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Application.ReadWrite.All"
PS> New-MgServicePrincipal -AppId e34c45c4-0919-43e1-9436-448ad8e81552 -Tags WindowsAzureActiveDirectoryIntegratedApp

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After that you still need to give admin consent, if you want a non admin user to login.

Also see:

• https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/enterprise-apps/create-service-principal-cross-tenant
• https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/enterprise-apps/add-application-portal-configure?pivots=ms-graph

Review permissions

Note that the Franklin Registration Service (e34c45c4-0919-43e1-9436-448ad8e81552) application is only needed during registration to verify that the user has read access to the sharepoint. It has the following delegated permissions:

• Openid
  Allows users to sign in to the app with their work or school accounts and allows the app to see basic user profile information.
• Profile
  Allows the app to see your users' basic profile (e.g., name, picture, user name, email address)
• Files.ReadWrite.All
  Allows the app to read, create, update and delete all files the signed-in user can access.

User logged in Registration portal

After completing this initial step, the user is logged in the registration portal

Adding the Franklin Service with application permissions

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Add Enterprise Application

When logged in the registration portal, the content source that is used by the project needs to be connected to an oauth grant for the Franklin Service application. This is needed, so that the system can access the documents in sharepoint and convert them to an internal format (markdown) and store it in Adobe’s storage (S3/R2) for fast delivery.

Using application sites.selected permissions is more secure as it limits the scope to a single sharepoint site. In order to connect, click on the Connect Application button.

If you never registered an application or a user before, you probably see the following error:

code language-none
Unable to validate access: Either scp or roles claim need to be present in the token.

Same as above, the Enterprise application for the Franklin Service (83ab2922-5f11-4e4d-96f3-d1e0ff152856) is not present in Azure yet,

In order to add it, use the graph explorer or powershell to add it:

Using graph explorer:

POST https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/servicePrincipals
Content-type: application/json
{
    "appId": "83ab2922-5f11-4e4d-96f3-d1e0ff152856",
    "tags": [
        "WindowsAzureActiveDirectoryIntegratedApp"
    ]
}

Using powershell:

PS> connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Application.ReadWrite.All"
PS> New-MgServicePrincipal -AppId 83ab2922-5f11-4e4d-96f3-d1e0ff152856 -Tags WindowsAzureActiveDirectoryIntegratedApp

Also see:

Add Application Roles using Powershell or Graph Explorer

Alternatively, adding the app roles can be done with the following steps:

Using powershell this can be done with:

$ObjectId = "abcdef-1234-49b6-b660-cc85b34fe516"    <<------ replace with your enterprise app id
$AAD_SP = Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -SearchString "Microsoft Graph";
$AAD_SP

$MSI = Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -ObjectId $ObjectId
if($MSI.Count -gt 1)
  {
  Write-Output "More than 1 principal found, please find your principal and copy the right object ID. Now use the syntax $MSI = Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -ObjectId <your_object_id>"
  Exit
  }

$AAD_AppRole = $AAD_SP.AppRoles | Where-Object {$_.Value -eq "Sites.Selected"}
New-AzureADServiceAppRoleAssignment -ObjectId $MSI.ObjectId  -PrincipalId $MSI.ObjectId  -ResourceId $AAD_SP.ObjectId[0]  -Id $AAD_AppRole.Id

Using graph explorer it involves more steps:

  GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/servicePrincipals?$filter=appId eq '83ab2922-5f11-4e4d-96f3-d1e0ff152856'
...
  "value": [
        {
            "id": "6761ada0-733b-4a02-98b2-3db970834fe0",
...

This will be our principalId

GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/servicePrincipals?$filter=appId eq '00000003-0000-0000-c000-000000000000'
...
  "value": [
        {
            "id": "5159db96-7193-414e-9730-b1d1e4448443",
...

This is the resourceId. (the resource that defines the application role)

GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/servicePrincipals/5159db96-7193-414e-9730-b1d1e4448443/appRoles
...
        {
            "allowedMemberTypes": [
                "Application"
            ],
            "description": "Allow the application to access a subset of site collections without a signed in user.  The specific site collections and the permissions granted will be configured in SharePoint Online.",
            "displayName": "Access selected site collections",
            "id": "883ea226-0bf2-4a8f-9f9d-92c9162a727d",
            "isEnabled": true,
            "origin": "Application",
            "value": "Sites.Selected"
        },
...

This Id is the appRoleId

POST https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/servicePrincipals/${principalId}/appRoleAssignedTo
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "principalId": "${principalId}",
  "resourceId": "${resourceId}",
  "appRoleId": "${appRoleId}"
}

https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/servicePrincipals/6761ada0-733b-4a02-98b2-3db970834fe0/appRoleAssignedTo
Content-type: application/json
{
    "principalId": "6761ada0-733b-4a02-98b2-3db970834fe0",
    "resourceId": "5159db96-7193-414e-9730-b1d1e4448443",
    "appRoleId": "883ea226-0bf2-4a8f-9f9d-92c9162a727d"
}

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Validate Permissions

Eventually you should see the granted application permission in the UI.

Back in the registration portal, the should have changed to:

code language-none
The resource specified in the fstab.yaml does either not exist, or you do not have permission to access it. Please make sure that the url is correct, the enterprise application: "Franklin Service (83ab2922-5f11-4e4d-96f3-d1e0ff152856)" is consented for the required scopes, and that the logged in user has permissions to access it.

(note, at the time of writing, this message is not very accurate, it should read:

The resource specified in the fstab.yaml does either not exist, or you do not have permission to access it. Please make sure that the url is correct, the enterprise application: "Franklin Service (83ab2922-5f11-4e4d-96f3-d1e0ff152856)" is granted to access the configured sharepoint site via the “Sites.Selected” permissions.

Add permissions to Sharepoint Site

In order to add the permissions to the sharepoint site, we need to find its SiteId.

This can be done using again the graph explorer:

GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/sites/{host-name}:/{server-relative-path}

Example:

GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/sites/adobeenterprisesupportaem.sharepoint.com:/sites/hlx-test-project

{
...
    "id": "adobeenterprisesupportaem.sharepoint.com,03cc3587-0e4d-405e-b06c-ffb0a622b7ac,5fbc1df5-640c-4780-8b59-809e3193c043",
...
}

Using the Id we can set the permissions:

POST https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/sites/adobeenterprisesupportaem.sharepoint.com,03cc3587-0e4d-405e-b06c-ffb0a622b7ac,5fbc1df5-640c-4780-8b59-809e3193c043/permissions
Content-type: application/json

{
    "roles": [
        "write"
    ],
    "grantedToIdentities": [
        {
            "application": {
                "id": "83ab2922-5f11-4e4d-96f3-d1e0ff152856",
                "displayName": "Franklin Service"
            }
        }
    ]
}

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After that, the registration portal should show canRead: ok