Dispatcher Vanity URLs | AEM

This document will help you understand how Adobe Experience Manager handles vanity URLs and additional techniques, such as using rewrite rules to bring content closer to the edge of delivery.

Description description

Environment

Adobe Experience Manager

Issues/Symptoms

How does AEM deal with vanity urls? Are there additional techniques to map content closer to the edge of delivery?

What are Vanity URLs?

When you have content that lives in a folder structure that makes sense it doesn’t always live in a URL that’s easy to reference. Vanity URLs are like shortcuts. Shorter or unique URLs that reference where the real content lives.

An example: /aboutus pointed at /content/we-retail/us/en/about-us.html

AEM Authors have the option to set vanity url properties on a piece of content in AEM and publish it.

For this feature to work you’ll have to adjust the dispatcher filters to allow the vanity through. This becomes unreasonable to do with adjusting the dispatcher configuration files at the rate that authors would need to setup these vanity page entries.

For this reason the dispatcher module has a feature to auto-allow anything listed as a vanity in the content tree.

Resolution resolution

How does it work?

Authoring Vanity URLs

The author visits a page in AEM and visits the page properties and add’s entries in the vanity url section.

Once they save their changes and activate the page the vanity is now assigned to this page.

Touch UI:

Classic Content Finder:

Note: Please understand this is very vulnerable to namespace issues. Vanity entries are global to all pages, this is just one of the shortcomings you must plan workarounds for. We will explain a few of those later.

Resource Resolving / Mapping:

Each vanity entry is a sling map entry for an internal redirect. These maps are visible in the AEM instances Felix console (/system/console/jcrresolver)

Here is a screenshot of a map entry created by a vanity entry:

In the above example when we ask the AEM instance to visit /aboutus it will resolve to /content/we-retail/us/en/about-us.html

Dispatcher auto-allow filters:

The Dispatcher in a secure state filters out requests at the path / through the Dispatcher because that’s the root of the JCR tree.

It’s important to make sure publishers are only allowing content from the /content and other safe paths etc… and not paths like /system etc.

Here is the rub, vanity urls live at the base folder of / so how do we allow them to reach the publishers while staying secure?

Simple dispatcher has an auto-filter allow mechanism and you have to install an AEM package and then configure the Dispatcher to point to that packages page. Visit here for the AEM package.

Dispatcher has a configuration section in its farm file:

/vanity_urls {      /url    "/libs/granite/dispatcher/content/vanityUrls.html"
  /file   "/tmp/vanity_urls"      /delay  300 }

This configuration tells the Dispatcher to fetch this URL from its AEM instance it fronts every 300 seconds to fetch the list of items we want to allow through.

It stores its cache of the response in the /file argument so in this example /tmp/vanity_urls

So, if you visit the AEM instance at the URI you’ll see what it fetches:

It’s a super simple list.

Rewrite Rules as Vanity Rules

Why would we mention using rewrite rules instead of the default mechanism built into AEM as described above?

Explained simply, namespace issues, performance, and higher-level logic that can be handled better.

Let’s go over an example of the vanity entry /aboutus to its content /content/we-retail/us/en/about-us.html using Apache’s mod_rewrite module to accomplish this.

RewriteRule /aboutus /content/we-retail/us/en/about-us.html PT,L,NC

This rule will look for the vanity /aboutus and fetch the full path from the renderer with the PT flag (Pass Through).

It also will stop processing all the other rules L flag (Last) which means it won’t have to traverse a huge list of rules like JCR Resolving has to do.

Along with not having to proxy the request and wait for the AEM publisher to respond these two elements of this method make it much more performant.

Then the icing on the cake here is the NC flag (No Case-Sensitive) meaning if you flub the URL with /Aboutus instead of /aboutus it will still work and allow the right page to be fetched.

To create a rewrite rule to do this you would create a configuration file on the Dispatcher (example: /etc/httpd/conf.d/rewrites/examplevanity_rewrite.rules) and include it in the .vhost file that handles the domain that needs these vanity URLs to apply.

Here is an example code snippet of the include inside:

/etc/httpd/conf.d/enabled_vhosts/we-retail.vhost
 VirtualHost *:80    ServerName    weretail.com    ServerAlias

www.weretail.com        ........ SNIP ........     IfModule mod_rewrite.c

   ReWriteEngine    on       LogLevel warn rewrite:info

Include /etc/httpd/conf.d/rewrites/examplevanity_rewrite.rules      / IfModule
   ........ SNIP ......../VirtualHost

Which method and where to use it?

A. Using AEM to control vanity entries has the following benefits:

B. Using mod_rewrite to control vanity entries has the following benefits:

C. Use both methods but here’s the advice and criteria on which one to use when:

Note: If you want to use the AEM vanity feature and avoid namespace you can make a naming convention. Using vanity URLs that nested like /brand1/aboutus, brand2/aboutus, brand3/aboutus