網頁最佳化的影像傳送Java™ API

瞭解如何使用AEM as a Cloud Service的網頁最佳化影像傳送Java™ API來開發高效能的網頁體驗。

AEM as a Cloud Service支援網頁最佳化的影像傳遞,這會自動產生資產的最佳化影像Web轉譯。 網頁最佳化的影像傳送可以使用三種主要方法:

  1. 使用AEM核心WCM元件
  2. 建立擴充AEM核心WCM元件影像元件的自訂元件
  3. 建立使用AssetDelivery Java™ API產生網頁最佳化影像URL的自訂元件。

本文探討如何在自訂元件中使用網頁最佳化的影像Java™ API,讓程式碼型可在AEM as a Cloud Service和AEM SDK上運作。

Java™ API

AssetDelivery API是OSGi服務,可為影像資產產生網頁最佳化的傳送URL。 AssetDelivery.getDeliveryURL(...)允許的選項記錄在這裡

AssetDelivery OSGi服務只有在AEM as a Cloud Service中執行時才能符合。 在AEM SDK上,對AssetDelivery OSGi服務的參考傳回null。 在AEM as a Cloud Service上執行時,最好有條件地使用網頁最佳化的URL,並在AEM SDK上使用後援影像URL。 通常,資產的Web轉譯便是一個足夠的遞補。

OSGi服務中使用的API

在自訂OSGi服務中將AssetDelivery參考標示為選用,以便自訂OSGi服務在AEM SDK上仍然可用。

import com.adobe.cq.wcm.spi.AssetDelivery;
...
@Reference(cardinality = ReferenceCardinality.OPTIONAL)
private volatile AssetDelivery assetDelivery;

Sling模型中的API使用

在自訂Sling模型中將AssetDelivery參考標籤為選用,以便自訂Sling模型在AEM SDK上仍然可用。

import com.adobe.cq.wcm.spi.AssetDelivery;
...
@OSGiService(injectionStrategy = InjectionStrategy.OPTIONAL)
private AssetDelivery assetDelivery;

有條件地使用API

根據AssetDelivery OSGi服務的可用性,有條件地傳回Web最佳化的影像URL或遞補URL。 條件式使用可讓程式碼在AEM SDK上執行程式碼時運作。

if (assetDelivery != null ) {
    // When running on AEM as a Cloud Service use the real web-optimized image URL.
    return assetDelivery.getDeliveryURL(...);
} else {
    // When running on AEM SDK, use some fallback image so the experience does not break.
    // What the fallback is up to you!
    return getFallbackURL(...);
}

範常式式碼

下列程式碼會建立範例元件,使用網頁最佳化的影像URL顯示影像資產清單。

當程式碼在AEM as a Cloud Service上執行時,會在自訂元件中使用網頁最佳化的Web影像轉譯。

在AEM as a Cloud Service 上進行網頁最佳化的影像

AEM as a Cloud Service支援AssetDelivery API,因此使用網頁最佳化的Web轉譯

程式碼在AEM SDK上執行時,會使用較不理想的靜態Web轉譯,讓元件在本機開發期間正常運作。

在AEM SDK上 網頁最佳化的遞補影像

AEM SDK不支援AssetDelivery API,因此使用遞補靜態網頁轉譯(PNG或JPEG)

實施分為三個邏輯部分:

  1. WebOptimizedImage OSGi服務做為AEM所提供AssetDelivery OSGi服務的「智慧Proxy」,可處理在AEM as a Cloud Service和AEM SDK中執行的工作。
  2. ExampleWebOptimizedImages Sling模型提供收集影像資產清單及其要顯示的網頁最佳化URL的商業邏輯。
  3. example-web-optimized-images AEM元件實作HTL以顯示網頁最佳化影像清單。

下列範常式式碼可在程式碼庫中複製,並視需要更新。

OSGi服務

WebOptimizedImage OSGi服務分割成可定址的公用介面(WebOptimizedImage)和內部實作(WebOptimizedImageImpl)。 在AEM as a Cloud Service上執行時,WebOptimizedImageImpl會傳回網頁最佳化的影像URL,以及AEM SDK上的靜態Web轉譯URL,讓元件在AEM SDK上維持正常運作。

介面

介面會定義OSGi服務合約,其他程式碼(例如Sling模型)可與之互動。

package com.adobe.aem.guides.wknd.core.images;

import org.apache.sling.api.resource.ResourceResolver;
import org.osgi.annotation.versioning.ProviderType;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * OSGi Service that acts as a facade for the AssetDelivery API, such that a fallback can be automatically served on the AEM SDK.
 *
 * This service can be extended to provide additional functionality, such as srcsets, etc.
 */
@ProviderType
public interface WebOptimizedImage {
    /**
     * Returns the Web Optimized Image URL.
     * @param resourceResolver the user's resource resolver
     * @param path the path to the asset
     * @param options the options to pass to the AssetDelivery API
     * @return the Web Optimized Image URL
     */
    String getDeliveryURL(ResourceResolver resourceResolver, String path, Map<String, Object> options);
}

實作

OSGi服務實作包含對AEM AssetDelivery OSGi服務的選擇性參考,以及在AEM SDK上的AssetDeliverynull時用來選取合適影像URL的遞補邏輯。 可以根據需求更新遞補邏輯。

package com.adobe.aem.guides.wknd.core.images.impl;

import com.adobe.aem.guides.wknd.core.images.WebOptimizedImage;
import com.adobe.cq.wcm.spi.AssetDelivery;
import com.day.cq.dam.api.Asset;
import com.day.cq.dam.api.Rendition;
import com.day.cq.dam.api.RenditionPicker;
import com.day.cq.dam.commons.util.DamUtil;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.Resource;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.ResourceResolver;
import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Component;
import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Reference;
import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.ReferenceCardinality;

import java.util.Map;
@Component
public class WebOptimizedImageImpl implements WebOptimizedImage {
    private static final String DEFAULT_FORMAT = "webp";
    @Reference(cardinality = ReferenceCardinality.OPTIONAL)
    private volatile AssetDelivery assetDelivery;

    /**
     * Returns the Web Optimized Image URL.
     * @param resourceResolver the user's resource resolver
     * @param path the path to the asset
     * @param options the options to pass to the AssetDelivery API
     * @return the Web Optimized Image URL
     */
    @Override
    public String getDeliveryURL(ResourceResolver resourceResolver, String path, Map<String, Object> options) {
        if (assetDelivery != null) {
            return getWebOptimizedUrl(resourceResolver, path, options);
        } else {
            return getFallbackUrl(resourceResolver, path);
        }
    }
    /**
     * Uses the AssetDelivery API to get the Web Optimized Image URL.
     * @param resourceResolver the user's resource resolver
     * @param path the path to the asset
     * @param options the options to pass to the AssetDelivery API
     * @return the Web Optimized Image URL
     */
    private String getWebOptimizedUrl(ResourceResolver resourceResolver, String path, Map<String, Object> options) {
        Resource resource = resourceResolver.getResource(path);
        Asset asset = DamUtil.resolveToAsset(resource);

        // These 3 options are required for the AssetDelivery API to work, else it will return null
        options.put("path", asset.getPath());
        options.put("format", StringUtils.defaultString((String) options.get("format"), DEFAULT_FORMAT));
        options.put("seoname", StringUtils.defaultString((String) options.get("seoname"), asset.getName()));

        // The resource only provides the security context into AEM so the asset's UUID can be looked up for the Web Optimized Image URL
        return assetDelivery.getDeliveryURL(resource, options);
    }

    /**
     * Fallback to the static web rendition if the AssetDelivery API is not available, meaning the code is running on the AEM SDK.
     * @param resourceResolver the user's resource resolver
     * @param path the path to the asset
     * @return the path to the web rendition
     */
    private String getFallbackUrl(ResourceResolver resourceResolver, String path) {
        Resource resource = resourceResolver.getResource(path);
        Asset asset = DamUtil.resolveToAsset(resource);

        return asset.getRendition(WebRenditionPicker).getPath();
    }

    /**
     * Picks the web rendition of the asset.
     */
    private static final RenditionPicker WebRenditionPicker = new RenditionPicker() {
        @Override
        public Rendition getRendition(Asset asset) {
            return asset.getRenditions().stream().filter(rendition -> StringUtils.startsWith(rendition.getName(), "cq5dam.web.")).findFirst().orElse(asset.getOriginal());
        }
    };
}

Sling模型

ExampleWebOptimizedImages Sling模型分割成可定址的公用介面(ExampleWebOptimizedImages)和內部實作(ExampleWebOptimizedImagesImpl);

ExampleWebOptimizedImagesImpl Sling模型會收集要顯示的影像資產清單,並叫用自訂WebOptimizedImage OSGi服務來取得網頁最佳化的影像URL。 由於此Sling模型代表AEM元件,因此有如isEmpty()getId()getData()等常用方法,但這些方法與使用Web最佳化的影像沒有直接關係。

介面

介面會定義Sling模型合約,其他程式碼(例如HTL)可以與之互動。

package com.adobe.aem.guides.wknd.core.models;

import com.adobe.cq.wcm.core.components.models.datalayer.ComponentData;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

import java.util.List;

public interface ExampleWebOptimizedImages {

    /**
     * @return a list of web optimized images for the component to display. Each item in the list has necessary information to render the image.
     */
    List<Img> getImages();

    /**
     * @return true if this component has no images to display.
     */
    boolean isEmpty();

    /**
     * @return String representing the unique identifier of the ExampleWebOptimizedImages component on a page
     */
    String getId();

    /**
     * @return JSON data to populate the data layer
     */
    @JsonProperty("dataLayer")
    default ComponentData getData() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Describes a web optimized image.
     */
    interface Img {
        /**
         * @return the URL to the web optimized rendition of the image.
         */
        String getSrc();

        /**
         * @return the alt text of the web optimized image.
         */
        String getAlt();

        /**
         * @return the height of the web optimized image.
         */
        String getHeight();
        /**
         * @return the width of the web optimized image.
         */
        String getWidth();
    }
}

實作

Sling模型使用自訂WebOptimizeImage OSGi服務,為其元件顯示的影像資產收集Web最佳化的影像URL。

在此範例中,使用簡單查詢來收集影像資產。

package com.adobe.aem.guides.wknd.core.models.impl;

import com.adobe.aem.guides.wknd.core.images.WebOptimizedImage;
import com.adobe.aem.guides.wknd.core.models.ExampleWebOptimizedImages;
import com.adobe.cq.wcm.core.components.models.datalayer.ComponentData;
import com.adobe.cq.wcm.core.components.models.datalayer.builder.DataLayerBuilder;
import com.adobe.cq.wcm.core.components.util.ComponentUtils;
import com.day.cq.dam.api.Asset;
import com.day.cq.dam.commons.util.DamUtil;
import com.day.cq.wcm.api.Page;
import com.day.cq.wcm.api.components.ComponentContext;
import org.apache.sling.api.SlingHttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.Resource;
import org.apache.sling.models.annotations.DefaultInjectionStrategy;
import org.apache.sling.models.annotations.Model;
import org.apache.sling.models.annotations.Required;
import org.apache.sling.models.annotations.injectorspecific.OSGiService;
import org.apache.sling.models.annotations.injectorspecific.ScriptVariable;
import org.apache.sling.models.annotations.injectorspecific.Self;

import java.util.*;

@Model(
        adaptables = {SlingHttpServletRequest.class},
        adapters = {ExampleWebOptimizedImages.class},
        resourceType = {ExampleWebOptimizedImagesImpl.RESOURCE_TYPE},
        defaultInjectionStrategy = DefaultInjectionStrategy.OPTIONAL
)
public class ExampleWebOptimizedImagesImpl implements ExampleWebOptimizedImages {

    protected static final String RESOURCE_TYPE = "wknd/components/example-web-optimized-images";

    private static final int MAX_RESULTS = 10;

    @Self
    @Required
    private SlingHttpServletRequest request;

    @OSGiService
    private WebOptimizedImage webOptimizedImage;

    @ScriptVariable
    private Page currentPage;

    @ScriptVariable
    protected ComponentContext componentContext;

    private List<Img> images;

    // XPath query to find image assets to display
    private static final String XPATH_QUERY = "/jcr:root/content/dam/wknd-shared/en/adventures//element(*, dam:Asset) [ (jcr:contains(jcr:content/metadata/@dc:format, 'image/')) ]";
    @Override
    public List<Img> getImages() {

        if (images == null) {
            images = new ArrayList<>();

            // Set the AssetDelivery options to request a web-optimized rendition.
            // These options can be set as required by the implementation (Dialog, pass in from HTL via @RequestAttribute)
            final Map<String, Object> options = new HashMap<>();
            options.put("format", "webp");
            options.put("preferwebp", "true");
            options.put("width", "350");
            options.put("height", "350");

            final Iterator<Resource> results = request.getResourceResolver().findResources(XPATH_QUERY, "xpath");

            while (results.hasNext() && images.size() < MAX_RESULTS) {
                Resource resource = results.next();
                Asset asset = DamUtil.resolveToAsset(resource);

                // Get the image URL; the web-optimized rendition on AEM as a Cloud Service, or the static web rendition fallback on AEM SDK
                final String url = webOptimizedImage.getDeliveryURL(request.getResourceResolver(), resource.getPath(), options);

                // Add the image to the list that is passed to the HTL component to display
                // We'll add some extra attributes so that the HTL can display the image in a performant, SEO-friendly, and accessible way
                // ImgImpl can be extended to add additional attributes, such as srcset, etc.
                images.add(new ImgImpl(url, asset.getName(), (String) options.get("height"), (String) options.get("width")));
            }
        }

        return this.images;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return getImages().isEmpty();
    }

    @Override
    public String getId() {
        return ComponentUtils.getId(request.getResource(), currentPage, componentContext);
    }

    @Override
    public ComponentData getData() {
        if (ComponentUtils.isDataLayerEnabled(request.getResource())) {
            return DataLayerBuilder.forComponent()
                    .withId(() -> getId())
                    .withType(() -> RESOURCE_TYPE)
                    .build();
        }
        return null;
    }

    class ImgImpl implements Img {
        private final String url;
        private final String alt;
        private final int height;
        private final int width;

        public ImgImpl(String url, String alt, String height, String width) {
            this.url = url;
            this.alt = alt;
            this.height = Integer.parseInt(height);
            this.width = Integer.parseInt(width);
        }

        @Override
        public String getSrc() {
            return url;
        }

        @Override
        public String getAlt() {
            return alt;
        }

        @Override
        public String getHeight() {
            return height + "px";
        }

        @Override
        public String getWidth() {
            return width + "px";
        }
    }
}

AEM元件

AEM元件繫結至WebOptimizedImagesImpl Sling模型實作的Sling資源型別,並負責顯示影像清單。

元件透過getImages()接收Img物件的清單,其中包含在AEM as a Cloud Service上執行時網頁最佳化的WEBP影像。 元件透過getImages()接收Img物件的清單,其中包含在AEM SDK上執行時的靜態PNG/JPEG網頁影像。

HTL

HTL使用WebOptimizedImages Sling模型,並由getImages()傳回Img物件清單的轉譯。

<style>
    .cmp-example-web-optimized-images__list {
        width: 100%;
        list-style: none;
        padding: 0;
        display: flex;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        justify-content: space-between;
        gap: 2rem;
    }

    .cmp-example-web-optimized-images-list__item {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }
</style>

<div data-sly-use.exampleImages="com.adobe.aem.guides.wknd.core.models.ExampleWebOptimizedImages"
     data-sly-use.placeholderTemplate="core/wcm/components/commons/v1/templates.html"
     data-sly-test.hasContent="${!exampleImages.empty}"
     data-cmp-data-layer="${exampleImages.data.json}">

    <h3>Example web-optimized images</h3>

    <ul class="cmp-example-web-optimized-images__list"
        data-sly-list.item="${exampleImages.images}">
        <li class="cmp-example-web-optimized-images-list__item">
            <img class="cmp-example-web-optimized-images__image"
                 src="${item.src}"
                 alt="${item.alt}"
                 width="${item.width}"/>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
<sly data-sly-call="${placeholderTemplate.placeholder @ isEmpty=!hasContent, classAppend='cmp-example-web-optimized-images'}"></sly>
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