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Secure cron PHP

Last update: Tue May 16 2023 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)

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This topic discusses securing pub/cron.php to prevent it from being used in a malicious exploit. If you do not secure cron, any user could potentially run cron to attack your Commerce application.

The cron job runs several scheduled tasks and is a vital part of your Commerce configuration. Scheduled tasks include, but are not limited to:

  • Reindexing
  • Generating e-mails
  • Generating newsletters
  • Generating sitemaps
INFO
Refer to Configure and run cron for more information about cron groups.

You can run a cron job in the following ways:

  • Using the magento cron:run command either from the command line or in a crontab
  • Accessing pub/cron.php?[group=<name>] in a web browser
INFO
You do not need to do anything if you use the magento cron:run command to run cron because it uses a different process that is already secure.

Secure cron with Apache

This section discusses how to secure cron using HTTP Basic authentication with Apache. These instructions are based on Apache 2.2 with CentOS 6. For more information, refer to one of the following resources:

Create a password file

For security reasons, you can locate the password file anywhere except your web server docroot. In this example, we are storing the password file in a new directory.

Enter the following commands as a user with root privileges:

mkdir -p /usr/local/apache/password

htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache/password/passwords <username>

Where <username> can be the web server user or another user. In this example, we use the web server user, but the choice of user is up to you.

Follow the prompts on your screen to create a password for the user.

To add another user to your password file, enter the following command as a user with root privileges:

htpasswd /usr/local/apache/password/passwords <username>

Add users to create an authorized cron group (optional)

You can enable more than one user to run cron by adding these users to your password file, including a group file.

To add another user to your password file:

htpasswd /usr/local/apache/password/passwords <username>

To create an authorized group, create a group file anywhere outside the web server docroot. The group file specifies the name of the group and the users in the group. In this example, the group name is MagentoCronGroup.

vim /usr/local/apache/password/group

Contents of the file:

MagentoCronGroup: <username1> ... <usernameN>

Secure cron in .htaccess

To secure cron in .htaccess file:

  1. Log in to your Commerce server as, or switch to, the file system owner.

  2. Open <magento_root>/pub/.htaccess in a text editor.

    (Because cron.php is located in the pub directory, edit this .htaccess only.)

  3. Cron access for one or more users. Replace the existing <Files cron.php> directive with the following:

    code language-conf 
    <Files cron.php>
   AuthType Basic
   AuthName "Cron Authentication"
   AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/password/passwords
   Require valid-user
</Files>

  4. Cron access for a group. Replace the existing <Files cron.php> directive with the following:

    code language-conf 
    <Files cron.php>
   AuthType Basic
   AuthName "Cron Authentication"
   AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/password/passwords
   AuthGroupFile <path to optional group file>
   Require group <name>
</Files>

  5. Save your changes to .htaccess and exit the text editor.

  6. Continue with Verify cron is secure.

Secure cron with Nginx

This section discusses how to secure cron using the Nginx web server. You must perform the following tasks:

  1. Set up an encrypted password file for Nginx
  2. Modify your nginx configuration to reference the password file when accessing pub/cron.php

Create a password file

Consult one of the following resources to create a password file before continuing:

Secure cron in nginx.conf.sample

Commerce provides an optimized sample nginx configuration file out of the box. We recommend modifying it to secure cron.

  1. Add the following to your nginx.conf.sample file:

    code language-conf 
    #Securing cron
location ~ cron\.php$ {
   auth_basic "Cron Authentication";
   auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;

   try_files $uri =404;
   fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;
   fastcgi_buffers 1024 4k;

   fastcgi_read_timeout 600s;
   fastcgi_connect_timeout 600s;

   fastcgi_index  index.php;
   fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
   include        fastcgi_params;
}

1.Restart nginx:

systemctl restart nginx
  1. Continue with Verify cron is secure.

Verify cron is secure

The easiest way to verify that pub/cron.php is secure is to verify that it is creating rows in the cron_schedule database table after you set up password authentication. This example uses SQL commands to check the database, but you can use whatever tool you like.

INFO
The default cron you are running in this example runs according to the schedule defined in crontab.xml. Some cron job runs only once a day. The first time you run cron from the browser, the cron_schedule table is updated, but subsequent pub/cron.php requests run at the configured schedule.

To verify cron is secure:

  1. Log in to the database as the Commerce database user or as root.

    For example,

    code language-bash 
    mysql -u magento -p

  2. Use the Commerce database:

    code language-shell 
    use <database-name>;

    For example,

    code language-shell 
    use magento;

  3. Delete all rows from the cron_schedule database table:

    code language-shell 
    TRUNCATE TABLE cron_schedule;

  4. Run cron from a browser:

    code language-shell 
    http[s]://<Commerce hostname or ip>/cron.php?group=default

    For example:

    code language-shell 
    http://magento.example.com/cron.php?group=default

  5. When prompted, enter an authorized user’s name and password. The following figure shows an example.

    Authorizing cron using HTTP Basic

  6. Verify that rows were added to the table:

    code language-shell 
    SELECT * from cron_schedule;

mysql> SELECT * from cron_schedule;
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| schedule_id | job_code                             | status  | messages | created_at        | scheduled_at      | executed_at | finished_at |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
|         1 | catalog_product_outdated_price_values_cleanup | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|         2 | sales_grid_order_async_insert             | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|         3 | sales_grid_order_invoice_async_insert       | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|         4 | sales_grid_order_shipment_async_insert      | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|         5 | sales_grid_order_creditmemo_async_insert     | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|         6 | sales_send_order_emails                  | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|         7 | sales_send_order_invoice_emails            | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|         8 | sales_send_order_shipment_emails           | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|         9 | sales_send_order_creditmemo_emails         | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|        10 | newsletter_send_all                     | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:25:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|        11 | captcha_delete_old_attempts               | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:30:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|        12 | captcha_delete_expired_images             | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:30:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|        13 | outdated_authentication_failures_cleanup     | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
|        14 | magento_newrelicreporting_cron            | pending | NULL    | 2017-09-27 14:24:17 | 2017-09-27 14:24:00 | NULL      | NULL      |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Run cron from a web browser

You can run cron at any time, such as during development, using a web browser.

WARNING
Do not run cron in a browser without securing it first.

If you are using an Apache web server, you must remove the restriction from the .htaccess file before you can run cron in a browser:

  1. Log in to your Commerce server as a user with permissions to write to the Commerce file system.

  2. Open any of the following in a text editor (depending on your entry point to Magento):

    code language-text 
    <magento_root>/pub/.htaccess
<magento_root>/.htaccess

  3. Delete or comment out the following:

    code language-conf 
    ## Deny access to cron.php
  <Files cron.php>
     order allow,deny
     deny from all
  </Files>

    For example,

    code language-conf 
    ## Deny access to cron.php
   #<Files cron.php>
      # order allow,deny
      # deny from all
   #</Files>

  4. Save your changes and exit the text editor.

    You can then run cron in a web browser as follows:

    code language-text 
    <your hostname or IP>/<Commerce root>/pub/cron.php[?group=<group name>]

Where:

  • <your hostname or IP> is the hostname or IP address of your Commerce installation

  • <Commerce root> is the web server docroot-relative directory to which you installed the Commerce software

    The exact URL that you use to run the Commerce application depends on how you configured your web server and virtual host.

  • <group name> is any valid cron group name (optional)

For example,

https://magento.example.com/magento2/pub/cron.php?group=index
INFO
You must run cron twice: first to discover tasks to run and again to run the tasks themselves. Refer to Configure and run cron for more information about cron groups.
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